Psychology Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychology Project - Essay Example There have been many studies done in order to determine these. The first article was entitled â€Å"Further Refining the Stress-Coping Model of Alcohol Awareness†. In this article, it was shown that coping measures as far as alcohol consumption and stress differ in regards to the type of stress that is encountered. It was hypothesized based on previous experimentation that men are more likely to encounter heavy drinking as a coping mechanism than females due to their limited coping abilities. There have also been inconsistencies in trying to diagnose whether specific people are more prone to this kind of coping measure than others. The first deals with the variability, which is experienced across the board when people deal with stress. This being that coping measures are not just maladaptive or adaptive, but each are tailored to deal with a certain type of stressor. The second is that there has not been substantial evidence and consistency in showing that gender factors play a role in coping and drinking. The experimental design for this study was a short-term design, which was based on self-reporting measures. In particular, three variables were hypothesized that could take into account for gender differences. The first is coping using the support of others. It has been shown that students that are experiencing a stressor in regards to a relationship or social situation are less likely to turn to alcohol if their coping mechanisms are more guided towards the support of others. In particular, it has been shown in women that experience an interpersonal stressor that they are less likely to drink as a coping measure due to greater social support seeking. The second hypothesis shows that the more in control of the external stressors that a person is experiencing, the less likely they are to turn to alcohol as a coping measure. The third hypothesis is based on previous research which states that men are more likely to use active seeking coping strategies and women are more likely to seek social supporting strategies for coping. Thus the use of alcohol was found to be higher in males than in females. The population had a sample size of 83 participants from different socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. These participants were tested using many different types of surveys and testing batteries. They were prescreened with the Michigan Alcohol Screening Tests and the College Students’ Recent Life Experiences test. These stressful factors were then broken down into four core areas: life management, social relationships, school, and general social adjustment. Then, they returned for three weeks and were asked how many times they engaged in heavy drinking, which was defined as five or more alcoholic drinks. The final survey that had to take was the COPE to assess their skills in active coping, avoidant coping, and social support seeking coping. The statistics were analyzed using mixed modeling interactions and this took into account correlation coefficients and t-test values. Men that had higher scores in active coping and social support seeking coping were less likely to engage in dangerous activities involving alcohol. If men using avoidant coping measures, they were more likely to engage in the use of alcohol. For women, the same statistical data was also recorded. There is some validity to the measures that were

Multinational businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multinational businesses - Essay Example (Veseth, 2010) This paper examines the phenomenon of globalization and analyzes the effect of the phenomenon by taking the example of a company (Coca-Cola). The paper is divided into sections on globalization and what it means as well as detailing the pros and cons of the process. Further, the issue of globalization in terms of whether it is consistent with economic theory is also examined. The other section is the case study of a company that has long been regarded as one of the prime beneficiaries of globalization and this section looks at the way in which globalization has benefited the company and the impact of the current recession on the prospects of the company. Globalization and the forces driving it There are many definitions of globalization depending on the way in which the phenomenon is viewed. For the purposes of this paper, it would suffice to state that globalization means the integration of markets across the world and the movement of people, goods and services across national boundaries. The phenomenon of globalization is closely tied with that of free trade and the theory of comparative advantage as proposed by one of the founding fathers of modern economics, David Ricardo. Whether the current practice of globalization is consistent with the economic theory would be examined in detail in the later paragraphs. (Bhagwati, 2004) If we examine the question as to what is globalization, we find that the term encompasses a broad range of activities that range from a) multinational companies seeking to setup operations in countries like China and India to take advantage of the lower costs of labour and the exchange rate differential that promotes exports from these countries to the Western world b) the free movement of people and ideas across countries in search of the best markets for their services because of the deregulation of the economies of the West as well as the East. (Friedman, 2005) The case for globalization seems pretty straightforward. I f a company enjoys substantial cost advantages in production because of wage and exchange rate differentials, then economic theory states that the company is better off producing in a country where the costs are low and selling in a country where the margins on its products are more. Hence, this simple notion of free trade theory underpins much of the discussion on globalization. Further, economists like Jagdish Bhagwati have shown that the countries like the United States gain in terms of having cheaper goods as well as outsourcing of jobs. The gains are in the nature of capital saved by relocating production and outsourcing functions that can be gainfully employed in the home countries for more productive purposes. The argument here is that the US gains in terms of moving up the value chain and investing in Research and Development while the activities at the bottom of the value chain like manufacturing can be done at lower costs. (Bhagwati, 2004) The case against globalization is that the process involves the movement of capital to the countries where costs are low and hence these countries build up huge reserves of foreign exchanges that lead to global imbalances in the way in which current account deficits in the US are